Disorder Effects in the Bipolaron System Ti4_{4}O7_{7} Studied by Photoemission Spectroscopy

We have performed a photoemission study of Ti$_{4}$O$_{7}$ around its two transition temperatures so as to cover the metallic, high-temperature insulating (bipolaron-liquid), and low-temperature insulating (bipolaron-crystal) phases. While the spectra of the low-temperature insulating phase show a finite gap at the Fermi level, the spectra of the high-temperature insulating phase are gapless, which is interpreted as a soft Coulomb gap due to dynamical disorder. We suggest that the spectra of the high-temperature disordered phase of Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$, which exhibits a charge order-disorder transition (Verwey transition), can be interpreted in terms of a Coulomb gap.Comment: 4 pages, 3 epsf figures embedde

Leveraging sport events to maximize community benefits in low-and middle-income countries

© 2017 Cognizant, LLC. For many years, special events have played an important role as strategic elements within community development. However, to date little work has been conducted on how to maximize the social potential of special events in low-and middle-income countries. In addressing this issue, we reflect on event management processes and leverage mechanisms that have underpinned a community sport event in the Pacific Island nation of Samoa, and identify strategies for maximizing beneficial event outcomes. We present findings related to previously identified leverage areas, including sociocultural and participatory leverage, and also suggest new areas that seem particularly relevant in the context of community development, including educational, health-related, and reputational leverage. Finally, key challenges and opportunities for event managers and local communities are discussed, implications for event leverage are provided, and areas for future research are outlined

Minimal surfaces and particles in 3-manifolds

We use minimal (or CMC) surfaces to describe 3-dimensional hyperbolic, anti-de Sitter, de Sitter or Minkowski manifolds. We consider whether these manifolds admit ``nice'' foliations and explicit metrics, and whether the space of these metrics has a simple description in terms of Teichm\"uller theory. In the hyperbolic settings both questions have positive answers for a certain subset of the quasi-Fuchsian manifolds: those containing a closed surface with principal curvatures at most 1. We show that this subset is parameterized by an open domain of the cotangent bundle of Teichm\"uller space. These results are extended to ``quasi-Fuchsian'' manifolds with conical singularities along infinite lines, known in the physics literature as ``massive, spin-less particles''. Things work better for globally hyperbolic anti-de Sitter manifolds: the parameterization by the cotangent of Teichm\"uller space works for all manifolds. There is another description of this moduli space as the product two copies of Teichm\"uller space due to Mess. Using the maximal surface description, we propose a new parameterization by two copies of Teichm\"uller space, alternative to that of Mess, and extend all the results to manifolds with conical singularities along time-like lines. Similar results are obtained for de Sitter or Minkowski manifolds. Finally, for all four settings, we show that the symplectic form on the moduli space of 3-manifolds that comes from parameterization by the cotangent bundle of Teichm\"uller space is the same as the 3-dimensional gravity one.Comment: 53 pages, no figure. v2: typos corrected and refs adde

An exploratory study of "best practice" in environmentally sustainable event management in Australian public events

© 2018 Cognizant, LLC. This study seeks to provide insights into "best practice" in the area of environmentally sustainable event management in Australian public events. In performing this role, it aims to: determine forces acting to drive engagement with environmental management practices; identify the key challenges event owners and managers face in seeking to adopt such practices; determine types of environmentally sustainable practices currently in use; establish how events are measuring their environmental performance; and identify those factors serving to facilitate or inhibit engagement by events with an environmental agenda. The article begins with a literature review of research germane to the study, along with an overview of the methodology employed. Key findings emerging from the application of this methodology suggest that actions in this area: have increasingly become an aspect of overall event planning; target multiple areas with the potential to generate environmental impacts; are driven primarily by organizer values and attendee and community expectations; and face constraints linked largely to the availability of resources, expertise, and time. This article acknowledges that the planning and delivery of environmentally sustainable events has become one of the critical challenges facing public event management, and as such it seeks to make a meaningful contribution to both the growing academic literature in this area, and equally importantly, to industry practice

Business events and friendship: Leveraging the sociable legacies

© 2014 Cognizant Comm. Corp. Business events are celebrated for their contributions to community and industry. They are understood to be shared social contexts in which people meet to advance knowledge, sell products, and network. Less celebrated and, arguably, less understood is that business events provide a context for the development of friendships. In 2011 an online survey was conducted with the delegates of five international business events held in Sydney, Australia in the period 2009-2011. The survey was designed to investigate business legacies of the events (such as investment opportunities, research collaborations) rather than sociable legacies. However, a surprising number of references to friendship were made in the "additional comments" sections of the questionnaire. Reflecting on this finding, this article argues that friendships forged at business events contribute to, respectively: the well-being of delegates, association membership levels, conference attendance, retention of personnel in the profession, successful research and professional collaborations, and creativity and innovation in the sector. Business event planners can maximize opportunities for sociable outcomes among delegates by designing warm and inviting event spaces that facilitate interaction, and by providing social space for the development of relationships, optimal conditions for sociability, and opportunities for play to stimulate creativity and build community

Conceptualizing sport event legacy

Events legacies have become a common feature in the public policy rhetoric surrounding sport events of all sizes. Public policy planners and event organizers are increasingly promoting the legacies of sport events to justify significant investments required to host them. Within the context of special events, legacy is most often recognized as the long-term or permanent outcomes for a host city from staging an event. These outcomes include potential economic, tourism, social, physical, and/or environmental factors. However, the justification of legacies from events remains complicated due to inconsistent conceptualizations of legacy across academic and industry practice. While legacy is an increasing component of event bids as well as funding justifications and postevent reports, the concept itself has attracted limited critical analysis. This article puts forth a comprehensive review of literature that has sought to define legacy, from 1991-2008, drawing on event management, sport management, and urban planning contexts. An inductive interpretive analysis of definitions was undertaken, in which key considerations were identified and definitions assessed against these. The analysis revealed five key considerations of legacy in application to the sport event management context. In doing so, this article contributes to both theoretical debate and improved strategic practice surrounding the emergence of "legacy" as justification for staging sport events. © 2013 Cognizant Comm. Corp

A flexible framework for evaluating the socio-cultural impacts of a small festival

The increasing popularity of festivals and events, coupled with their positive and negative impacts on host communities, has led to a growing body of research on the impacts of festivals and events. As a substantial amount of this research has focused on assessing the economic impacts of festivals, there is growing demand for the measurement of the socio-cultural impacts of these festivals and events. To address this issue a study was conducted that developed a framework for the social impact evaluation of festivals and piloted a tool that measured the community perceptions of socio-cultural impacts

Intercommunity sport events: Vehicles and catalysts for social capital in divided societies

Sport events are believed to promote dialogue, integration, and peaceful understanding among disparate groups, even when other forms of negotiation have not been successful. However, the social outcomes from sport events are largely anecdotal and there is a need to empirically examine the active engagement of groups with "others" in participatory sport event projects. This article investigates the potential of an intercommunity sport event in contributing to intergroup development and social capital building in the ethnically divided Sri Lanka. It follows an interpretive mode of inquiry where findings are derived from the analysis of 35 in-depth interviews with Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and international event stakeholders. By providing evidence of the varying sociocultural experiences at the event, this article discusses the event's impact on intergroup relations and its influence on the stock of social capital available to communities. Findings can assist governments, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing policies and practical measures that build on events as vehicles and catalysts for enhanced intergroup relations and the creation of social capital. © 2011 Cognizant Comm. Corp

The legacy-factor: Towards conceptual clarification in the sport event context

Public policy planners and event organisers are increasingly promoting potential economic, tourism, social, and/or environmental legacies to justify significant investments required to host special events. Within the context of special events, legacy is recognised as the long-term outcomes for a host city from staging an event (Hiller, 2003; Preuss, 2007). The notion of legacy has emerged in the events field surrounding the strategic use of events in achieving outcomes for host cities. However, this is complicated by inconsistent conceptualisations of legacy across academic and industry practice

Beyond anecdotes: The development of social capital through inter-community sport events

Sport events are believed to promote dialogue, integration and peaceful understanding among groups, even when other forms of negotiation have not been successful (Croft, 2005; Sugden, 2006). At the same time, sport events are thought to play a role in the construction, reproduction or consolidation of social identities in politically, socially or ethnically divided societies. Better publicised events, such as the Olympics, may demonstrate this social utility of sport, where diverse communities stand and feel together as one. However, the social outcomes from sport events are largely anecdotal. This paper argues that for disparate communities to experience lasting benefits from sport events there is the need to move beyond symbolism and anecdotes. There is a need to examine the active engagement of groups with `others in participatory sport event projects where they experience first hand the impacts of cooperation and diversit